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Elements and Performance Criteria

1. Perform scientific calculations
   • Ensure raw data are consistent with expectations and reasonable ranges
   • Calculate scientific quantities involving algebraic, logarithmic, exponential, and power functions
   • Ensure calculated quantities are consistent with estimations
   • Present results using the appropriate units, uncertainties and number of significant figures
2. Analyse trends and relationships in data
   • Determine linear and non-linear relationships between sets of data
   • Prepare and analyse control charts to determine if a process is in control
   • Identify possible causes for out-of-control condition
   • Follow enterprise procedures to return process to in-control operation
3. Determine variation and/or uncertainty in data distributions
   • Organise raw data into appropriate frequency distributions
   • Calculate means, medians, modes, ranges and standard deviations for ungrouped and grouped data
   • Interpret frequency distributions to determine the characteristics of the sample or population
   • Calculate standard deviations and confidence limits for means and replicates
   • Determine the uncertainty in measurements using statistical analysis
   • Determine data acceptability using statistical tests and enterprise procedures
4. Check for aberrant results
   • Identify results that cannot be reconciled with sample, sample documentation, testing procedures and/or expected outcomes
   • Determine appropriate actions in consultation with supervisor as required
5. Report results
   • Use charts, tables and graphs to present results in the required format
   • Verify that entry of data and results is correct
   • Prepare reports in a format and style consistent with their intended use and enterprise guidelines
   • Communicate results within the specified time and in accordance with enterprise confidentiality and security guidelines.

Required Skills

Evidence Required

The Evidence Guide describes the underpinning knowledge and skills that must be demonstrated to prove competence

Critical aspects of competency

Competency must be demonstrated in the ability to perform consistently at the required standard In particular assessors should look to see that the candidate can

store retrieve and manipulate data following document traceability procedures

calculate scientific quantities relevant to their work and present accurate results in the required format

analyse data to determine relationships between variables

prepare frequency distributions for given data calculate and interpret measures of central tendency and dispersion

prepare and interpret control charts and take appropriate actions

maintain the security and confidentiality of data in accordance with workplace and regulatory requirements

report results in the required formats and expected timeframe

Underpinning knowledge

Competency includes the ability to apply and explain

procedures for data traceability

procedures for verifying data and rectifying mistakes

procedures for maintaining and filing records security of data

the characteristics of a valid measurement

sources of uncertainty in measurements

relevant scientific and technical terminology such as variables dispersion central tendency process control process stability normal distribution confidence level and replication

relevanceimportance of the National Measurement Act to laboratory measurement if applicable

Competency also includes the ability to perform laboratory computations such as

calculations involving fractions decimals ratios proportions and percent

evaluation of formulae containing powers exponents logarithms functions

use of scientific notation correct units correct number of significant figures

calculation of uncertainties

preparation and interpretation of linear semilog and loglog graphs

calculation and interpretation of statistical quantities such as mean median mode range variance and standard deviation

determination of regression line equations correlation coefficients

preparation and interpretation of more complex control charts and frequency distribution plots

Assessment context and methods

This unit of competency is to be assessed in the workplace or simulated workplace environment

The following assessment methods are suggested

review of data worksheets calculations computer files such as spreadsheets databases statistical analysis graphs andor tables prepared by the candidate

questions to assess understanding of relevant procedures trends in data sources of uncertainty

review of reports prepared by the candidate

feedback from supervisors and peers regarding the candidates ability to analyse and report data in accordance with enterprise procedures

In all cases practical assessment should be supported by questions to assess underpinning knowledge and those aspects of competency which are difficult to assess directly Questioning techniques should suit the language and literacy levels of the candidate

Interdependent assessment of unit

This unit of competency may be assessed with

technical units such as the PMLTEST and series units

PMLDATAB Use laboratory application software

PMLDATA501B Use laboratory application software.

Resource implications

Resources may include

data sets and records

computer and relevant software or laboratory information system

relevant workplace procedures

This competency in practice

Manufacturing

Before pharmaceutical products can be approved for use in Australia they must be tested for shelflife in their Australian sales packs The shelflife of a preparation is the time of storage which results in a preparation becoming unfit for use either through chemical decomposition of the active substances or physical deterioration of the preparation Stability profiles are determined by storing the preparation under a range of temperature conditions and evaluating it at predetermined time intervals For example a technical assistant may be required to evaluate the physical parameters of the new tablet to detect any changes in its appearance hardness friability disintegration and dissolution profile The assistant regularly assays the tablets using a stability indicating assay The results are plotted and the information gained is used to predict the period of time for which the tablets will meet the appropriate standards for physical characteristics purity and potency when stored under defined conditions

Biomedical

Supplementation of vitamins and minerals in the diet as a means to avert a clinical problem is a popular area of research linking epidemiological and clinical investigation with food analyses In the example of folate such combined studies have led to the fortification of a number of foods and the requirement for folate supplementation for women of child bearing age A typical project team would involve medical staff a dietician and a scientific or technical officer to perform the assays One possible line of study is to control the level of supplementation for the person and introduce the micronutrient in a dose form over and above that given in a controlled baseline diet Blood samples would be collected and the serum micronutrient levels assayed The technical officer would be responsible for keeping the statistical QC data and analysing the assays The technical officer would work with the research team to correlate the serum levels with the dose input To contribute effectively the technical officer must understand the significance of the relationships between collected test data and the controlled experimental variables

Food processing

A State government analytical laboratory recently performed comparative assays of carotene using spectrometric UVVIS and high performance liquid chromatography HPLC techniques In any procedure where the assay is to be replaced side by side analyses must be performed on multiple samples and the correlations between the data compared statistically The two procedures are then developed or modified for local laboratories and a routine procedure developed At this point technical officers would assay the samples by the two methods They would ensure that all procedures were followed with close attention to quality control Precision would be assessed through frequent assays of the same samples Sensitivity of the assay would be assessed by performing the assay over a range of sample concentrations The technical officers would carefully document the procedures and record all data for later validation They may also provide preliminary graphical representations of data for their supervisor

Key Competencies

The seven key competencies represent generic skills considered for effective work participation The bracketed numbering against each of the key competencies indicates the performance level required in this unit These are standalone levels and do not correspond to levels in the Australian Qualifications Framework AQF

Level represents the competence to undertake tasks effectively

Level represents the competence to manage tasks

Level represents the competence to use concepts for evaluating and reshaping tasks

Collecting analysing and organising information	Communicating ideas and information	Planning and organising activities	Working with others and in teams	Using mathematical ideas and techniques	Solving problems	Using technology
Level	Level	Level	Level	Level	Level	Level

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Range Statement

The range of variables relates to the unit of competency as a whole. It allows for different work environments and situations that will affect performance.

Where reference is made to industry Codes of Practice, and/or Australian/international standards, it is expected the latest version will be used.

Data may be recorded on worksheets or entered into spreadsheets or databases linked to information management systems. Data includes the results of: tests, measurements, analyses and surveys.

Calculations may be performed with or without a calculator or computer software, such as spreadsheets, databases, statistical packages. Examples of calculations of scientific quantities could include:

percentage and absolute uncertainties in measurements and test results

dose (mg), dilution(1:10), concentration (molarity, g/mL, mg/L, ppm, ppb)

pH, [H+], [OH-], buffer calculations, Ka, pKa, Kb, pKb, Kw

solubility constants Ks, pKs

radioactivity: half life, dose, activity, exposure

optical properties: absorbance/transmittance, path length, extinction coefficient, concentration (Beers law), detection limits

electrical properties: conductivity, resistivity, dielectric constants

mechanical properties: stress, strain, elastic moduli, yield strength, hardness

thermal properties: heat capacity, thermal expansion, thermal conductivity, thermal resistance

food content (%) of: water, ash, dietary and crude fibre, carbohydrate, protein, fat and specific vitamin

quantities associated with quality control monitoring, assessment and reporting.

Graphical analysis could include:

determination of linear, logarithmic, exponential and power relationships

regression lines and interpretation of correlation coefficients.

Statistical analysis could include the use of:

histograms, frequency plots, stem and leaf plots, boxplots, scatter plots

probability, normal probability plots

Pareto diagrams, Stewhart control charts, CuSum control charts

regression methods for calibration, linearity checks, comparing analytical methods

analysis of variance (ANOVA)

data acceptability tests, such as Q, T and Youden.

Records could include information associated with:

purchase of equipment and materials, service records

safety procedures

history of calibration and test results.

Reference materials could include:

material data safety sheets

equipment manuals and warranty, supplier catalogues, handbooks

sampling and test procedures, standard operating procedures (SOPs)

enterprise quality manual, customer quality plan

OHS regulations, guidelines and procedures

Australian Standards, NATA technical notes and National Measurement Act.

Health, safety and environment

All operations to which this unit applies are subject to stringent health, safety and environmental (HSE) requirements, which may be imposed through State or Federal legislation, and these must not be compromised at any time. Where there is an apparent conflict between performance criteria and HSE requirements, the HSE requirements take precedence.

All operations assume the potentially hazardous nature of samples and require standard precautions to be applied. Users should access and apply current industry understanding of infection control issued by the National Health and Medical Research Council and State and Territory Departments of Health. All operations are performed in accordance with standard operating procedures.

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